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Basic Disk:
Basic disks are the most common type of partition used in Windows operating systems. This disk uses primary partitions and logical drives that are formatted with a file system, typically NTFS.
Basic disks support two styles of partitions — master boot record (MBR) and GUID partition table (GPT).
MBR partition style uses a partition table that contains the location where partitions are stored on the disk. This is the only partition style available on x86-based computers prior to Windows Server 2003, so it is used automatically.
In MBR, you can create up to four partitions — three primary and one extended or all four primary. The extended partition, in turn, can contain four logical drives within it.
GPT Computers running Windows Server 2003 or later versions can choose from MBR and GPT partition styles. A GPT partition supports up to 128 primary partitions, so there is no need for you to create a logical drive at all.
Also, GPT allows partitions to be larger than 2TB and is more reliable because it supports cyclic redundancy checks.
Dynamic Disk:
A dynamic disk gives more flexibility than a basic disk because it does not use a partition table to keep track of all partitions. Instead, it uses a hidden logical disk manager (LDM) or virtual disk service (VDS) to track information about the dynamic partitions or volumes on the disk.
This tracking system allows you to create partitions (volumes) that span across many disks such
Simple Volumes : it uses free space from a single disk.
Spanned Volumes: it consists of free disk space that is linked together from multiple disks.
Striped Volumes: the data of which is interleaved across two or more physical disks, called RAID 0.
Mirrored Volumes: the data of which is duplicated on two physical disks called RAID 1.
RAID-5 Volumes: the data of which is striped across an array of three or more disks.